C1/C2 Vocabulary: Institutions and Governance

Instructions:

Democracy in Action

In many countries, democracy depends on strong institutions and active citizens. One important part of this system is civic engagement, which means people taking part in public life, such as voting, attending meetings, or joining discussions about social issues.

During an election campaign, candidates travel across the country to present their ideas and participate in public debates. These debates allow voters to compare opinions and understand different solutions to national conflicts, such as economic inequality or access to justice.

After elections, the Congress plays a key role in creating laws. Members must often reach an agreement even when they have different political views. This process can be slow because of bureaucracy, but it helps ensure decisions are carefully considered.

If a law is challenged, the court system decides whether it follows the constitution. Courts are also important for protecting equality, ensuring that all citizens are treated fairly under the law.

On an international level, an embassy represents a country abroad and helps maintain peaceful relationships. Through dialogue and cooperation, governments aim to reduce conflict and strengthen democratic values at home and internationally.

Activity 1: Conceptual Comprehension

Select the best answer for each question based on the text above.

1. What is the main purpose of civic engagement?
2. What usually happens during a political campaign?
3. Why are debates important for voters?
4. Which institution is responsible for making laws?
5. What does bureaucracy often affect?
6. Why is agreement important in Congress?
7. What role does a court play?
8. What does equality mean in this context?
9. What is the main function of an embassy?
10. What is one goal of democratic institutions?

Answer Key

1. C | 2. C | 3. B | 4. C | 5. A | 6. C | 7. C | 8. B | 9. C | 10. C

Activity 2: Lexical Precision

Drag the correct terms from the word bank into the gaps in the sentences below.

Agreement
Bureaucracy
Campaign
Civic Engagement
Conflict
Congress
Court
Debate
Embassy
Equality
1. The two political parties finally reached an after weeks of discussion.
2. Many people believe that is essential for a healthy democracy.
3. During the election , candidates travel and speak to voters.
4. The law was taken to to decide if it was constitutional.
5. Excessive can slow down government processes.
6. Members of are responsible for creating and approving laws.
7. The public helped voters understand different political views.
8. The represents a country and protects its citizens abroad.
9. The dispute between the two groups led to a serious .
10. The constitution guarantees for all citizens under the law.

Answer Key

1. Agreement, 2. Civic Engagement, 3. Campaign, 4. Court, 5. Bureaucracy, 6. Congress, 7. Debate, 8. Embassy, 9. Conflict, 10. Equality.